1/11/2024 0 Comments Daniel kubes![]() It provides invaluable information about immune cell motion, proliferation, and death processes, as well as cell–cell interactions at the single-cell resolution in a number of organs and disease models. Recent progress of intravital microscopy (IVM) has enabled the visualization and quantification of immune cell recruitment in vivo. Because conventional research methods do not provide insights into the nature of cellular interactions in vivo during intestinal inflammation, more physiological in vivo, real-time mechanistic analysis has been desired. There is no question about the importance of research into intestinal inflammation, but most findings to date have been based on static evaluation of histological sections, flow cytometry, or an alternative index such as the myeloperoxidase activity. The gastrointestinal tract is a very complex integrated organ that includes a prominent intestinal immune system and plays an important role in life support, including digestion and absorption, while coexisting with the gut microbiome. Additionally, we outline novel findings obtained by this new technique. In this review, we focus on the emerging role of intravital imaging in gastrointestinal research and describe how to observe the intestines and immune cells using intravital microscopy. In recent years, the application of intravital microscopy in gastrointestinal research has provided novel insights into the mechanisms of intestine-specific events including innate and adaptive immunities. Additionally, understanding the immune responses involved in gastrointestinal tumors and tissue repair is becoming increasingly important for the elucidation of disease mechanisms that have been unknown. Understanding the in vivo behavior of these immune cells and their function in gastrointestinal inflammation, including colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, ischemia–reperfusion injury, and neutrophil extracellular traps, is critical for gastrointestinal research to proceed to the next step. To date, many kinds of immune cells have been identified, but their precise roles in intestinal immunity remain unclear.
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